Here are significant events in the Indian nationalist movement corresponding to the given dates:
1. January 1915: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa, where he had successfully led campaigns for the rights of Indians. His return marked the beginning of his active involvement in the Indian independence movement.
2. April 1919: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in Amritsar, where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indian protesters. This event galvanized widespread outrage and strengthened the demand for independence.
3. January 1921: The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Gandhi, urging Indians to withdraw from British institutions, including schools, courts, and government offices, in protest against British rule.
4. February 1922: The Non-Cooperation Movement was suspended by Gandhi following the violent incident at Chauri Chaura, where protestors clashed with police, leading to deaths.
5. December 1929: The Indian National Congress adopted the goal of complete independence (Purna Swaraj) during its Lahore session.
6. March 1930: Gandhi launched the Salt March (Dandi March) to protest the salt tax, walking 240 miles to the Arabian Sea to make salt, symbolizing resistance against British laws.
7. March 1931: The second round table conference took place in London, where Indian leaders discussed constitutional reforms with British officials.
8. December 1931: The second round table conference concluded without any agreement, as the Indian National Congress was not satisfied with the proposals.
9. September 1932: The British government announced separate electorates for Dalits through the Communal Award, leading to a significant conflict between Gandhi and Ambedkar.
10. 1932: Gandhi undertook a fast unto death to protest against the separate electorates for Dalits, which he believed would further divide Hindus.
These events were pivotal in shaping the course of the Indian nationalist movement during the early 20th century.
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